Keywords
Pollution
Risk
Agro chemicals
Paths
Environmental Sustainability
Risk
Agro chemicals
Paths
Environmental Sustainability
How to Cite
Modu, M. A., Kodiya, M. A, Babangida, M. U., Kabara, A. D., Ishaq, K., Ngoshe, H. S, & Maiva, I. M. (2025). EXAMINING THE POLLUTION RISKS OF AGROCHEMICALS AND PATHS TO ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Environment and Social Sciences, 11(1), 238-255. Retrieved from http://jaeess.com.ng/index.php/jaeess/article/view/284
Abstract
The extensive use of agrochemicals encompassing fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and
fungicides has played a pivotal role in boosting global agricultural productivity. However,
their indiscriminate and often excessive application has raised serious concerns regarding
environmental pollution and human health risks. This review explores the pollution risks
associated with agrochemical use, detailing their transport and persistence in various
environmental media, including soil, surface water, groundwater, and air. The method
employed for this review involved a comprehensive search across prominent academic
databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science. The study
revealed that the environmental consequences of agro chemicals are far-reaching, ranging
from soil degradation, water contamination, and loss of biodiversity to the disruption of
ecosystems through the decline of non-target organisms such as pollinators, aquatic species,
and beneficial soil microbes. The review also highlights significant human health implications
stemming from both acute and chronic exposure to agrochemical residues through
contaminated water, food, and air. Documented effects include respiratory disorders,
neurological damage, endocrine disruption, reproductive issues, and increased risks of certain
cancers. The review also addresses the emergence of antimicrobial resistance linked to
agrochemical use, particularly in developing countries where regulatory oversight may be
limited. Furthermore, the manuscript evaluates current regulatory frameworks, international
guidelines, and emerging mitigation strategies such as integrated pest management (IPM),
organic agriculture, and precision farming. The paper recommends interdisciplinary research,
improved policy implementation, and sustainable agricultural practices to minimize the
environmental footprint and safeguard public health while maintaining food security.
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Devi, P. I., Manjula, M., and Bhavani, R.V. (2022) Agrochemicals, Environment, and Human
Health Annual Review of Environment and Resources The Annual Review of
Environment
and
Resources
online
at
environ.annualreviews.org
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-120920- 111015 Copyright © 2022 by
Annual Review
Dubey, G., Mishra, N., & Prasad, S. M. (2016). Metabolic Responses of Agrochemicals in
Plants and Their Ameliorative Processes. Plant Responses to Xenobiotics, 57
95. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-2860-1_4
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pharmaceuticals, hormones and phenolic utility substances. Science of the Total
Environment, 618, 250-261.
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Nigeria
(Doctoral
dissertation,
Walden
https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/
University).
ScholarWorks.
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2015). Status of the World’s Soil
Resources: Main Report. Rome. http://www.fao.org/ documents/card/en/c/c6814873
efc3-41db-b7d3-2081a10ede50/. xembourg City, Publisher.
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Judicious Use of Agrochemicals and Applications of Green Chemistry. pp. 17-26.
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2021). FAOSTAT. Data:
Agrochemicals use. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RP/visualize. Accessed
11November 2024
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Transformations in China’s Food System.
Ganaie, M. I., Bhat, R. A., Dar, G. H., & Rather, G. M. (2023). Health risk assessment of
pesticide residues in drinking water of upper Jhelum region in Kashmir Valley-India
by GC-MS/MS. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/12345678
Haines, J. & Tempowski, J. (2022) Chapter 5.13 - Contribution of the World Health
Organization to toxicology and poisons centers In History of Toxicology and
Environmental Health, History of Modern Clinical Toxicology Academic Press,
Pages 493-504 ISBN 9780128222188https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822218
8.00043-0.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128222188000430
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assessment of drinking water intake contamination from agricultural activities using
a
Bayesian
network.
PLOS
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000073
Water
2(7):
e0000073.
Karimova, O. A. 2001. Assessments of groundwater Vulnerability to Contamination by
Organoculture Pesticides in the area of caucasian mineral water. Journal of water
resources, 30(1), 225-245.
Khan, E., Boonupara, T., Udomkun, P., Kajitvichyanukul, P. (2023) Airborne agrochemicals
from agricultural practices: a critical review of pathways, influencing factors, and
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