Keywords
Inoculant
Micronutrients
Savanna
Organic manure
Borno State
North-eastern Nigeria
Micronutrients
Savanna
Organic manure
Borno State
North-eastern Nigeria
How to Cite
Kamai, N., Aliyu, I., Lassa, I. A, Kanampiu, F., Kamara, A.Y., Kadafur, I. M, & Tofa, A. I. (2025). RESPONSE OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERRILL) TO THE INTEGRATED APPLICATION OF INOCULANTS, INORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND ORGANIC MANURE IN THE SAVANNA OF BORNO STATE NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA . Journal of Agricultural Economics, Environment and Social Sciences, 11(1), 98-111. Retrieved from https://jaeess.com.ng/index.php/jaeess/article/view/272
Abstract
Technologies that combine mineral fertilizers with organic sources can be considered as better
options for increasing fertilizer use efficiency and providing a more balanced supply of
nutrients. Field experiments were conducted on 90 farmers’ fields in Borno State, for two
cropping seasons. The objective of the study was to test the effect of inoculation, inorganic
fertilizer application and organic manure amendment on the yield of soybean (Glycine max
(L.) Merrill). The treatments consisted of control (no input), LegumeFix inoculants (I) only,
inoculant + phosphorus (I+P), inoculant + phosphorus + potassium (I + P + K), inoculant +
phosphorus + potassium + micronutrients (I + P + K + micronutrients) and inoculant +
phosphorus + potassium + micronutrients +organic manure (I + P + K + micronutrients +
organic manure (OM)). Both grain and fodder yields in the control (no input) plots and those
plots that were only inoculated across both years and locations were not statistically different.
Full inputs of I + P + K + micronutrients + OM significantly increase grain (2282.0 kg ha-1)
and fodder yields (2798.5 kg ha-1) of soybean across all locations when compared to the
unamended treatment (control) with average grain yield of 1383.8 kg ha-1 and fodder yield of
1725.8 kg ha-1. The results suggest that the additive effect of nutrients has a strong potential
for increasing soybean production in the savanna of Borno State North-Eastern Nigeria.
References
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years on Chemical and Physical Properties of an Alfisol in Northern Guinea Savannah
Zone. International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research, 1(4):116 – 123.
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Kamara, A.Y., Kwari, J. D., Ekeleme, F., Omoigui, L., and Abaidoo, R. (2008). Effect of
Phosphorus Application and Soybean Cultivar on Grain and Dry Matter Yield of
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Rechiatu, A, E.M. Nana, R.C. Abaidoo, (2015). Response of soybean (Glycine max L.) to
Rhizobia Inoculation and Molybdenum Application in the Northern Savannah Zones of
Ghana. Journal of Plant and Soil Science, 3(2): 64 – 70.
Ronner, E., Franke, A. C., Vanlauwe, B., Dianda, M., Edeh, E., Ukem, B. and Bala, A. (2016).
Understanding Variability in Soybean Yield and Response to P- Fertilizer and Rhizobium
Inoculants on Farmers’ Fields in Northern Nigeria. Field Crops Research. ELSEVIER.
Rurangwa, E., Vanlauwe, B. and Giller, K. E. (2018). Benefits of Inoculation, P Fertilizer and
Manure on Yields of Common Bean and Soybean also Increases Yield of Subsequent
Maize. In Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. ELSEVIER.
Sangakkara, U.R., Hartwig, U. A. and Nosberger, J. (1996). Role of Legumes in Providing N
for sustainable tropical pasture systems. Plant and Soil 174:103 – 118.
SAS (2000). User’s Guide, Version 8 vols 1-3 SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC, USA.
USDA Soil Survey Staff (2010). Keys to Soil Taxonomy (11th Edition). United States
Department of Agriculture/ National Resources Conservation Service, USA. 338pp.
Tairo E. V. and Ndakidemi, P. A. (2013). Yields and Economic Benefits of Soybean (Glycine
max L.) as Affected by Bradyrhizobium japonicum Inoculation and Phosphorus
Supplementation. American Journal of Research Communication. 1(11):159- 172.
Ukem, B., Kamai, N., Sangodele, E., Abikoye, J. and Chinedu, E. (2019). Effect of Fertilizer,
Rhizobium Inoculum and Manure Application on Production of Soybean (Glycine max
(L.) Merr.) in Northern Nigeria Savanna. Proceedings of 43rd Annual Conference of the
Soil Science Society of Nigeria. Pp183-197.
Van, H. J., Baijukya, F., Boahen, S., Adjei-Nsiah, S., Ebanyat, P. and Kamai, N., Wolde
Meskel, E., Kanampiu, F., Vanlauwe, B., and Giller, K. (2018). Soyabean Response to
Rhizobium Inoculation across Sub-Saharan Africa. Patterns of Variation and the Role
of Promiscuity in: Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment, 261: 211 – 218.
State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology.
4(4): 277 – 284.
Anderson, J. M. and Ingram, J. S. (1993). Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility. A Handbook of
Methods. 2nd Edition. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 221.
Bray, R. H. and Kurtz, L. T. (1945). Determination of Total, Organic and Available Forms of
Phosphorus in Soils. Soil Science Journal, 59:39-45.
Breman, H. (1995). Sustainable Agriculture in the Sahel (Integrated Farming. Perennials and
Fertilizers). In: Eco-Regional Approaches for Sustainable Land Use and Food
Production. 213-235. J. Bouma et al (eds) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands.
Chude, V. O., Olayiwola, S. O., Daudu, C. and Ekeoma, A. (2012). Fertilizer Use and
Management Practices for Crops in Nigeria, 4th Edition. Federal Fertilizer Department.
Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja.
Dugje, I. Y., Omoigui, L. O., Ekeleme, F., Bandyopadhyay, R., Lava Kumar, P. and Kamara,
A. Y. (2009). Farmers’ Guide to Soybean Production in Northern Nigeria. 16pp.
Eche, N. M., Iwuafor, E. N. O., Amapu, I. Y. and Bruns, M. V. (2013). Effect of Application
of Organic and Mineral Soil Amendments in a Continuous Cropping System for 10
years on Chemical and Physical Properties of an Alfisol in Northern Guinea Savannah
Zone. International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research, 1(4):116 – 123.
Epstein, E. (1972). Mineral Nutrition of Plants, Principles and Perspectives. John Wiley and
Sons Inc., N.Y.
FAOSTAT (2020). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
http://faostat.fao.org. (2019). (Accessed 22 May 2020).
Kamara, A. Y., Abaidoo, R., Kwari, J. and Omoigui, L. (2007). Influence of Phosphorus
Application on Growth and Yield of Soybean Genotypes in the Tropical Savannah of
Northeast Nigeria. Achieves of Agronomy and Soil Science Journal, 53: 539 – 552.
Kamara, A.Y., Kwari, J. D., Ekeleme, F., Omoigui, L., and Abaidoo, R. (2008). Effect of
Phosphorus Application and Soybean Cultivar on Grain and Dry Matter Yield of
Subsequent Maize in the Tropical Savanna of North-Eastern Nigeria. African Journal
of Biotechnology 7: 2593–2599.
Kumaga, F. K and Ofori, K. (2006). Response of Soybean [Glycine max (L) Merrill] to
Bradyrhizobia Inoculation and Phosphorus Application. International Journal of
Agriculture and Biology, 2: 234- 327.
Kwari, J. D. and Batey, K. (1999). Effect of Heating on Phosphorus Sorption and Availability
in some Northeast Nigerian soils. Journal of Soil Science, 42: 381-388.
Murphy J. and Riley, J. P (1962). Analyses Chemical Aota 227:31-36 NIFOR (1982) Annual
Reports. Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, Benin City, Nigeria, 104-105.
Nelson, D.W. and Sommers, L. E. (1982). Total Carbon, Organic Carbon and Organic Matter.
P.570-571. In: Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR (1982) (eds.) Methods of Soil
Analysis. Part 2, 2nd ed. Agronomic Monograph. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Ojo, D. K. and Dashiell, K. E. (1994). Soybean Production in Nigeria” Paper presented at the
Work shop on Management of Protein Energy Malnutrition World Vision International,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria, 13 – 14.
Omoigui, L. O., Kamara, A. Y., Kamai, N. Dugje, I. Y., Ekeleme, F., Lava Kumar, P.,
Ademulegun, T. and Solomon, R. (2020). Guide to Soybean Production in
Northern Nigeria. Internatioal Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria.
23.
Oyinlola, E. Y and Chude, V. O. (2010). Status of Available Micronutrients of the Basement
Complex Rock, Derived Alfisols in Northern Nigeria Savanna. Tropical and
Subtropical Agro ecosystems, 12(2): 229 – 237.
Palm, C. A., Myers, R. J. K. and Nandwa, S. M. (1997). Organic-Inorganic Nutrient
Interactions in Soil Interactions in Soil Fertility Replenishment. In: Buresh, R. J,
Sanchez, P. A, Calhoun F (eds) Replenishing soil fertility in Africa. Soil Science Society
of America special publication 51. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI,
pp193-218.
PROSAB (2004). Promoting sustainable agriculture in Borno State. Synthesis of livelihood
Analysis in three Contrasting Agro ecological Zones. PROSAB Borno state, 45.
Rechiatu, A, E.M. Nana, R.C. Abaidoo, (2015). Response of soybean (Glycine max L.) to
Rhizobia Inoculation and Molybdenum Application in the Northern Savannah Zones of
Ghana. Journal of Plant and Soil Science, 3(2): 64 – 70.
Ronner, E., Franke, A. C., Vanlauwe, B., Dianda, M., Edeh, E., Ukem, B. and Bala, A. (2016).
Understanding Variability in Soybean Yield and Response to P- Fertilizer and Rhizobium
Inoculants on Farmers’ Fields in Northern Nigeria. Field Crops Research. ELSEVIER.
Rurangwa, E., Vanlauwe, B. and Giller, K. E. (2018). Benefits of Inoculation, P Fertilizer and
Manure on Yields of Common Bean and Soybean also Increases Yield of Subsequent
Maize. In Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. ELSEVIER.
Sangakkara, U.R., Hartwig, U. A. and Nosberger, J. (1996). Role of Legumes in Providing N
for sustainable tropical pasture systems. Plant and Soil 174:103 – 118.
SAS (2000). User’s Guide, Version 8 vols 1-3 SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC, USA.
USDA Soil Survey Staff (2010). Keys to Soil Taxonomy (11th Edition). United States
Department of Agriculture/ National Resources Conservation Service, USA. 338pp.
Tairo E. V. and Ndakidemi, P. A. (2013). Yields and Economic Benefits of Soybean (Glycine
max L.) as Affected by Bradyrhizobium japonicum Inoculation and Phosphorus
Supplementation. American Journal of Research Communication. 1(11):159- 172.
Ukem, B., Kamai, N., Sangodele, E., Abikoye, J. and Chinedu, E. (2019). Effect of Fertilizer,
Rhizobium Inoculum and Manure Application on Production of Soybean (Glycine max
(L.) Merr.) in Northern Nigeria Savanna. Proceedings of 43rd Annual Conference of the
Soil Science Society of Nigeria. Pp183-197.
Van, H. J., Baijukya, F., Boahen, S., Adjei-Nsiah, S., Ebanyat, P. and Kamai, N., Wolde
Meskel, E., Kanampiu, F., Vanlauwe, B., and Giller, K. (2018). Soyabean Response to
Rhizobium Inoculation across Sub-Saharan Africa. Patterns of Variation and the Role
of Promiscuity in: Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment, 261: 211 – 218.
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