Abstract
This study was conducted to analyze the factors that determine farmers' participation in tomato
contract farming in Kano State. The study adopted a multistage sampling technique to select
179 contract and 179 non-contract farmers, making a total of 358 respondents. Primary data
were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire, which were administered to the
respondents, with the help of well-trained enumerators. Descriptive statistics and double
hurdle model were used to analyzed the data collected. Results revealed that contract farmers
were primarily aged between 18 and 35 years (50%), while non-contract farmers were more
commonly found within 36 to 60 years’ age bracket (53.6%). Illiteracy was more prevalent
among non-contract farmers, as 33.7% lacked formal education, while approximately 37.6%
had received only primary. Majority of the respondents were married with about 88% and 89%
of the sampled contract and non-contract farmers, respectively. The farmers were constrained
in accessibility of credit facilities, with the majority of both contract (79%) and non-contract
(83%) farmers relying on personal savings. The mean household size for contract and non
contract farmers was 12 and 13 households, respectively. Among contract farmers, 89% were
cooperative members, while among non-contract farmers, 83% held cooperative membership.
About 90% of contract farmers, had interacted with extension agents, while 82% of non
contract farmers had similar contact. An average farm sizes of 1.2 hectares and 1.3 hectares,
was obtained for contract and non-contract farmers respectively. The outcomes of the double
hurdle revealed that certain factors such as age (0.02), education (0.283), household size
(0.075), access to credit (0.734), number of contacts with extension agents (-0.162),
cooperative membership (1.291), and farming experience (-0.033), played significant roles in
determining participation in contract farming. Educational level (-0.034), household size
(0.005), and access to credit (0.618) influenced the extent of participation. The study therefore
recommended increased farmers’ involvement in cooperatives could increase their level of
participation in contract farming; forming farmer groups could enable economically
disadvantaged farmers to pool their limited resources collectively and establish connections
with contracting firms; and enhanced access to land through the collective allocation of land
to
group of small-scale tomato farmers with the help of government and
stakeholders(contracting firms)could be a viable strategy for promoting increased
participation in contract farming.
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